Height above sea level was also largely associated with frequencies of habitat use, indicating a low use of areas above 3000 m, while the degree of fragmentation was not a strong predictor of habitat use. Analyses of habitat use showed a clear preference for areas with higher forest cover. The average traveled distance per night was 55 km (range: 0-112 km). Home-range area was estimated to be 4517 km², possibly an underestimation due to reduced sample size.
Analysis of habitat preference was done using 25 vegetation plots established in frequently used areas and species richness, and the proportion of consumed plants was compared with other locations within their distribution range. Traveled distances were estimated as the sum of the linear distances between sampling points (every 30 min), and patterns of habitat use were evaluated through ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA), including forest cover, altitude, and degree of fragmentation. Home ranges were estimated by minimum convex polygon (MCP), 95 and 50% kernel methods. We attached GPS devices to five individuals and recovered information from three. The objective of this study was to estimate the home-range area, daily traveled distance, and patterns of space use by Oilbirds (Steatornis caripensis), and the factors that can affect them in Cueva de Los Guacharos National Park (Huila, Colombia). Habitat use and movement patterns in animals are usually determined by the availability of food, morphological and physiological traits, social systems, and safe sites to complete vital cycles. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material. As some of these ecosystem services are unique, oilbird's conservation seems imperative. Despite a large amount of seeds dropped at the caves, oilbirds disperse seed to suitable habitats, move seeds long distances, and disperse large seeds. No relationship was found between the probability of arrival to suitable habitats and the altitudinal level of the species, but the oilbirds were more effective dispersing seeds in non-breeding periods. acuminata and Dacryodes olivifera (Burseraceae) were the top species. The most dispersed species corresponded to palms (Prestoea acuminata and Geonoma undata), but, in terms of biomass, P. Seed germination was evidenced in 7 of the species, and the other two indicated viability (using tetrazolium tests). Our model showed that the habitat with more seedrain was the cave (41%), followed by dense forest and mosaics of crops and forests (both ca. The quality component considered germination chance, the probability that seeds reach suitable habitats (using data from GPS devices on three birds) and the probability of establishment in different habitats (literature review). The quantity factor was estimated from seed rain data in the main cave of Cueva de Los Guacharos National Park (Colombia).
We estimated SDE for nine plant species and tested if high-altitude plants are more effectively dispersed than lowland species and if there are high SDE scores in non-breeding periods of oilbirds. Oilbirds are specialized frugivores that disperse seeds however, no study has evaluated their seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE). The data presented here highlight the importance of the region for the conservation of birds, including species typical of the western Amazon, some of which are still poorly-known. This high diversity is typical of the western Amazon basin, one of the richest regions in the world in the number of species, due to the heterogeneity of the local environments. Twenty-four of these species are associated with bamboo habitat, 28 are endemic to the southwestern Amazon basin, and seven are threatened with extinction. We recorded 452 bird species during 45 field trips between May and July in 2016, and June to August in 2017. In this region, poorly-studied habitats, such as open rainforest dominated by palms or bamboo, still predominate. Here, we present a survey of birds in the upper Purus basin, comprising the municipalities of Manoel Urbano and Feijó in the Brazilian state of Acre, and Boca do Acre and Pauini in the state of Amazonas. This is the case of many little-known environments in the Amazon biome, the world’s largest tropical forest. Birds are the best-known vertebrate group, although many localities in the world are considered to be knowledge gaps.
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